W27×94 Steel Beam
A W27×94 is a wide flange steel beam 26.9 inches deep with 10-inch flanges, weighing 94 pounds per foot. In ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi) it has a design bending strength of 1,043 kip-ft (LRFD) when its compression flange is braced, and a design shear strength of 395 kips.
Design a W27×94 beam Opens a 41 ft span in the free beam designer.
W27×94 dimensions
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Depth, d | 26.9 in |
| Flange width, bf | 10.0 in |
| Flange thickness, tf | 0.745 in |
| Web thickness, tw | 0.490 in |
| Distance to web toe of fillet, kdes | 1.34 in |
| Distance between flange centroids, ho | 26.15 in |
| Cross-sectional area, A | 27.7 in2 |
| Weight | 94 lb/ft |
Dimensions are AISC design values. Detailing dimensions are rounded to the nearest 1/16 in.
W27×94 section properties
| Property | Strong axis (x) | Weak axis (y) |
|---|---|---|
| Moment of inertia, I | 3270 in4 | 124 in4 |
| Elastic section modulus, S | 243 in3 | 24.8 in3 |
| Plastic section modulus, Z | 278 in3 | 38.8 in3 |
| Radius of gyration, r | 10.9 in | 2.12 in |
| Torsion and slenderness | Value |
|---|---|
| Torsional constant, J | 4.03 in4 |
| Warping constant, Cw | 21300 in6 |
| Effective radius of gyration, rts | 2.59 in |
| Flange slenderness, bf/2tf | 6.70 |
| Web slenderness, h/tw | 49.5 |
W27×94 bending and shear strength
For ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi, E = 29,000 ksi) per AISC 360-16. Its flanges and web are compact for bending, so with its compression flange braced it reaches its full plastic moment.
| Strength | LRFD | ASD |
|---|---|---|
| Bending, compression flange braced | φMn = 1,043 kip-ft | Mn/Ω = 694 kip-ft |
| Shear | φVn = 395 kips | Vn/Ω = 264 kips |
If the compression flange isn't braced, the beam can buckle sideways before it yields. Up to Lp = 7.5 ft between braces it keeps its full strength; past Lr = 21.6 ft it buckles elastically. With uniform moment between braces (Cb = 1.0):
| Unbraced length, Lb | φMn (LRFD) | Mn/Ω (ASD) |
|---|---|---|
| Braced | 1,043 kip-ft | 694 kip-ft |
| 5 ft | 1,043 kip-ft | 694 kip-ft |
| 7.5 ft (Lp) | 1,042 kip-ft | 694 kip-ft |
| 10 ft | 970 kip-ft | 646 kip-ft |
| 15 ft | 827 kip-ft | 550 kip-ft |
| 20 ft | 683 kip-ft | 454 kip-ft |
| 21.6 ft (Lr) | 638 kip-ft | 424 kip-ft |
| 25 ft | 500 kip-ft | 333 kip-ft |
| 30 ft | 377 kip-ft | 251 kip-ft |
| 35 ft | 300 kip-ft | 200 kip-ft |
| 40 ft | 249 kip-ft | 166 kip-ft |
| 45 ft | 213 kip-ft | 141 kip-ft |
A beam with a uniform load between braces has Cb above 1.0 (1.14 for a simple span braced only at its ends), so these values are conservative. The beam designer works out Cb for every segment between braces.
W27×94 load table by span
The largest uniform load a simply supported W27×94 can carry, in kips per foot, with its compression flange braced along its length (by a floor or roof deck, for example). The loads include the beam's own weight of 0.094 kips per foot.
| Span | Factored load (LRFD) | Allowable load (ASD) | Load at span/360 | Load at span/240 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 ft | 49.3 | 32.8 | 63.9 | 95.9 |
| 15 ft | 37.1 | 24.7 | 41.6 | 62.4 |
| 17 ft | 28.9 | 19.2 | 28.6 | 42.9 |
| 19 ft | 23.1 | 15.4 | 20.5 | 30.7 |
| 21 ft | 18.9 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 22.8 |
| 23 ft | 15.8 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 17.3 |
| 25 ft | 13.3 | 8.88 | 8.99 | 13.5 |
| 27 ft | 11.4 | 7.61 | 7.14 | 10.7 |
| 29 ft | 9.92 | 6.60 | 5.76 | 8.64 |
| 31 ft | 8.68 | 5.77 | 4.72 | 7.07 |
| 33 ft | 7.66 | 5.10 | 3.91 | 5.86 |
| 35 ft | 6.81 | 4.53 | 3.28 | 4.92 |
| 37 ft | 6.09 | 4.05 | 2.77 | 4.16 |
| 39 ft | 5.48 | 3.65 | 2.37 | 3.55 |
| 41 ft | 4.96 | 3.30 | 2.04 | 3.06 |
| 43 ft | 4.51 | 3.00 | 1.77 | 2.65 |
| 45 ft | 4.12 | 2.74 | 1.54 | 2.31 |
| 47 ft | 3.78 | 2.51 | 1.35 | 2.03 |
| 49 ft | 3.47 | 2.31 | 1.19 | 1.79 |
| 51 ft | 3.21 | 2.13 | 1.06 | 1.59 |
| 53 ft | 2.97 | 1.98 | 0.94 | 1.42 |
| 55 ft | 2.76 | 1.83 | 0.84 | 1.27 |
| 57 ft | 2.57 | 1.71 | 0.76 | 1.14 |
| 59 ft | 2.40 | 1.59 | 0.68 | 1.03 |
| 61 ft | 2.24 | 1.49 | 0.62 | 0.93 |
| 63 ft | 2.10 | 1.40 | 0.56 | 0.84 |
| 65 ft | 1.97 | 1.31 | 0.51 | 0.77 |
| 67 ft | 1.86 | 1.24 | 0.47 | 0.70 |
- Factored and allowable loads are limited by bending, or by shear where marked *.
- The deflection columns are the service loads that make the beam sag span/360 or span/240. Compare span/360 with the live load alone and span/240 with dead plus live load, the usual floor limits in IBC Table 1604.3.
Reading the table
At a 41 ft span, a W27×94 carries a factored load of 4.96 kips per foot (LRFD) or an allowable load of 3.30 kips per foot (ASD). A live load of 2.04 kips per foot would deflect it span/360, which is 1.37 in. The beam works if the factored load is under the first number and the live and total loads are under the deflection numbers. For other spans, supports or loads, open it in the beam designer, or follow the steel beam design guide to check one by hand.
W27×94 questions
What does W27×94 mean?
W means a wide flange shape. 27 is its nominal depth in inches (the actual depth is 26.9 in) and 94 is its weight in pounds per foot.
How much does a W27×94 weigh?
94 pounds per foot, so a 20 ft W27×94 weighs about 1,880 pounds.
How far can a W27×94 span?
It depends on the load. Braced along its length, it carries 49.3 kips per foot of factored load at 13 ft and 1.86 kips per foot at 67 ft; the load table has the spans in between. Floor beams are often 40 to 54 ft for this depth (span-to-depth ratios of about 18 to 24), where deflection usually governs.
Is a W27×94 a compact section?
Yes. Its flanges (bf/2tf = 6.70) and web (h/tw = 49.5) are both compact for bending in 50 ksi steel.