W27×235 Steel Beam
A W27×235 is a wide flange steel beam 28.7 inches deep with 14.2-inch flanges, weighing 235 pounds per foot. In ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi) it has a design bending strength of 2,895 kip-ft (LRFD) when its compression flange is braced, and a design shear strength of 784 kips.
Design a W27×235 beam Opens a 44 ft span in the free beam designer.
W27×235 dimensions
| Dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Depth, d | 28.7 in |
| Flange width, bf | 14.2 in |
| Flange thickness, tf | 1.61 in |
| Web thickness, tw | 0.910 in |
| Distance to web toe of fillet, kdes | 2.40 in |
| Distance between flange centroids, ho | 27.09 in |
| Cross-sectional area, A | 69.4 in2 |
| Weight | 235 lb/ft |
Dimensions are AISC design values. Detailing dimensions are rounded to the nearest 1/16 in.
W27×235 section properties
| Property | Strong axis (x) | Weak axis (y) |
|---|---|---|
| Moment of inertia, I | 9700 in4 | 769 in4 |
| Elastic section modulus, S | 677 in3 | 108 in3 |
| Plastic section modulus, Z | 772 in3 | 168 in3 |
| Radius of gyration, r | 11.8 in | 3.33 in |
| Torsion and slenderness | Value |
|---|---|
| Torsional constant, J | 47.0 in4 |
| Warping constant, Cw | 141000 in6 |
| Effective radius of gyration, rts | 3.92 in |
| Flange slenderness, bf/2tf | 4.41 |
| Web slenderness, h/tw | 26.2 |
W27×235 bending and shear strength
For ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi, E = 29,000 ksi) per AISC 360-16. Its flanges and web are compact for bending, so with its compression flange braced it reaches its full plastic moment.
| Strength | LRFD | ASD |
|---|---|---|
| Bending, compression flange braced | φMn = 2,895 kip-ft | Mn/Ω = 1,926 kip-ft |
| Shear | φVn = 784 kips | Vn/Ω = 522 kips |
If the compression flange isn't braced, the beam can buckle sideways before it yields. Up to Lp = 11.8 ft between braces it keeps its full strength; past Lr = 42.9 ft it buckles elastically. With uniform moment between braces (Cb = 1.0):
| Unbraced length, Lb | φMn (LRFD) | Mn/Ω (ASD) |
|---|---|---|
| Braced | 2,895 kip-ft | 1,926 kip-ft |
| 10 ft | 2,895 kip-ft | 1,926 kip-ft |
| 11.8 ft (Lp) | 2,895 kip-ft | 1,926 kip-ft |
| 20 ft | 2,600 kip-ft | 1,730 kip-ft |
| 30 ft | 2,241 kip-ft | 1,491 kip-ft |
| 40 ft | 1,883 kip-ft | 1,253 kip-ft |
| 42.9 ft (Lr) | 1,777 kip-ft | 1,183 kip-ft |
| 50 ft | 1,480 kip-ft | 984 kip-ft |
| 60 ft | 1,199 kip-ft | 798 kip-ft |
| 70 ft | 1,010 kip-ft | 672 kip-ft |
| 80 ft | 874 kip-ft | 581 kip-ft |
| 90 ft | 770 kip-ft | 513 kip-ft |
A beam with a uniform load between braces has Cb above 1.0 (1.14 for a simple span braced only at its ends), so these values are conservative. The beam designer works out Cb for every segment between braces.
W27×235 load table by span
The largest uniform load a simply supported W27×235 can carry, in kips per foot, with its compression flange braced along its length (by a floor or roof deck, for example). The loads include the beam's own weight of 0.235 kips per foot.
| Span | Factored load (LRFD) | Allowable load (ASD) | Load at span/360 | Load at span/240 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 ft | 111.9* | 74.6* | 151.9 | 227.8 |
| 16 ft | 90.5 | 60.2 | 101.7 | 152.6 |
| 18 ft | 71.5 | 47.6 | 71.5 | 107.2 |
| 20 ft | 57.9 | 38.5 | 52.1 | 78.1 |
| 22 ft | 47.9 | 31.8 | 39.1 | 58.7 |
| 24 ft | 40.2 | 26.8 | 30.1 | 45.2 |
| 26 ft | 34.3 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 35.6 |
| 28 ft | 29.5 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 28.5 |
| 30 ft | 25.7 | 17.1 | 15.4 | 23.2 |
| 32 ft | 22.6 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 19.1 |
| 34 ft | 20.0 | 13.3 | 10.6 | 15.9 |
| 36 ft | 17.9 | 11.9 | 8.93 | 13.4 |
| 38 ft | 16.0 | 10.7 | 7.59 | 11.4 |
| 40 ft | 14.5 | 9.63 | 6.51 | 9.77 |
| 42 ft | 13.1 | 8.74 | 5.62 | 8.44 |
| 44 ft | 12.0 | 7.96 | 4.89 | 7.34 |
| 46 ft | 10.9 | 7.28 | 4.28 | 6.42 |
| 48 ft | 10.1 | 6.69 | 3.77 | 5.65 |
| 50 ft | 9.26 | 6.16 | 3.33 | 5.00 |
| 52 ft | 8.57 | 5.70 | 2.96 | 4.45 |
| 54 ft | 7.94 | 5.28 | 2.65 | 3.97 |
| 56 ft | 7.39 | 4.91 | 2.37 | 3.56 |
| 58 ft | 6.88 | 4.58 | 2.14 | 3.20 |
| 60 ft | 6.43 | 4.28 | 1.93 | 2.89 |
| 62 ft | 6.02 | 4.01 | 1.75 | 2.62 |
| 64 ft | 5.65 | 3.76 | 1.59 | 2.38 |
| 66 ft | 5.32 | 3.54 | 1.45 | 2.17 |
| 68 ft | 5.01 | 3.33 | 1.33 | 1.99 |
| 70 ft | 4.73 | 3.14 | 1.21 | 1.82 |
| 72 ft | 4.47 | 2.97 | 1.12 | 1.67 |
- Factored and allowable loads are limited by bending, or by shear where marked *.
- The deflection columns are the service loads that make the beam sag span/360 or span/240. Compare span/360 with the live load alone and span/240 with dead plus live load, the usual floor limits in IBC Table 1604.3.
Reading the table
At a 44 ft span, a W27×235 carries a factored load of 12.0 kips per foot (LRFD) or an allowable load of 7.96 kips per foot (ASD). A live load of 4.89 kips per foot would deflect it span/360, which is 1.47 in. The beam works if the factored load is under the first number and the live and total loads are under the deflection numbers. For other spans, supports or loads, open it in the beam designer, or follow the steel beam design guide to check one by hand.
W27×235 questions
What does W27×235 mean?
W means a wide flange shape. 27 is its nominal depth in inches (the actual depth is 28.7 in) and 235 is its weight in pounds per foot.
How much does a W27×235 weigh?
235 pounds per foot, so a 20 ft W27×235 weighs about 4,700 pounds.
How far can a W27×235 span?
It depends on the load. Braced along its length, it carries 111.9 kips per foot of factored load at 14 ft and 4.47 kips per foot at 72 ft; the load table has the spans in between. Floor beams are often 43 to 57 ft for this depth (span-to-depth ratios of about 18 to 24), where deflection usually governs.
Is a W27×235 a compact section?
Yes. Its flanges (bf/2tf = 4.41) and web (h/tw = 26.2) are both compact for bending in 50 ksi steel.